{"id":354,"date":"2012-03-02T23:41:28","date_gmt":"2012-03-02T23:41:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fwhtlaw.com\/?post_type=briefing-papers&#038;p=354"},"modified":"2022-12-12T21:20:21","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T21:20:21","slug":"dont-hold-phone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fwhtlaw.com\/blog\/2012\/03\/02\/dont-hold-phone\/","title":{"rendered":"[Don&#8217;t] &#8220;HOLD THE PHONE!&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new regulation banning mobile phone use by non-governmental drivers of commercial motor vehicles went into effect on January 3 of this year. The regulation penalizes violators, of course\u2014however, it also penalizes the&nbsp;<strong><em>employers<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;of the violators. So, understanding this regulation is important not only for protecting the motoring public but also your bottom line. This Briefing Paper answers questions about the regulation\u2019s application and enforcement, and provides guidance on how you as an employer of CMV drivers can best guard against such penalties.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The Basics of the New Ban<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">What&nbsp;<em>Is<\/em>&nbsp;Banned?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The regulation generally bans the use of a hand-held mobile phone by the driver<sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;of a commercial motor vehicle.<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;A CMV&nbsp;driver cannot (1) hold a mobile phone to make a call, (2) press multiple buttons to dial or answer a mobile phone, or (3) even reach for a mobile phone if the driver can not remain in a seated driving position properly restrained by the seat belt.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">What&nbsp;<em>Isn\u2019t<\/em>&nbsp;Banned?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The regulation does not ban a CMV driver from any of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><em>&#8211; hand-held mobile phone use<\/em>&nbsp;if the vehicle is safely pulled off of the roadway and is safely parked;<\/li>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><em>&#8211; hand-held mobile phone use<\/em>&nbsp;to communicate with law enforcement officials or other emergency services;<\/li>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><em>&#8211; totally hands-free mobile phone use<\/em>&nbsp;if accomplished without the driver leaving the properly restrained, seated driving position<sup>3<\/sup>\u2014examples of totally hands-free use include one-touch dialing or answering with a mobile phone that has a speaker phone function or wireless earphone; or<\/li>\n<li style=\"color:black\">&#8211; use of a CB radio, two-way radio or walkie-talkie.<sup>4<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Enforcement of the New Ban<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Merely imposing penalties against CMV drivers who violate the ban was deemed insufficient for ensuring compliance with the ban. So, in addition to penalizing the CMV driver, the regulation also imposes penalties on the transgressor\u2019s employer.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Penalties Against Drivers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A CMV driver who violates the ban faces stiff sanctions. In addition to a civil penalty of $2,750 per violation, a driver may become disqualified from driving a CMV and from otherwise using his\/her commercial driver\u2019s license for up to 120 days.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Penalties Against Employers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong><em>employer<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;of a CMV driver who violates the ban will be fined an eye-popping $11,000 for each infraction. That\u2019s enough to get the attention of most employers. But, there\u2019s more. Presumably, each improper use of a driver\u2019s mobile phone constitutes a separate infraction, subjecting the employer (and driver) to multiple penalties on a single, brief road trip. So, once an officer has properly stopped a driver for an alleged violation, the phone records (if not also the phone\u2019s call history) would reveal additional potential violations that could lead to $11,000 penalties for each of those violations.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Background of the New Ban<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><\/strong><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">What\u2019s The Big Idea?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">The rationale behind the ban is that distracted driving causes most highway accidents and their associated fatalities and injuries, and that hand-held mobile phone use is one of the most distracting of all behind-the-wheel behaviors. Prohibiting CMV drivers from using hand-held mobile phones is expected to make substantial improvement to public safety and to also reduce the financial and environmental burdens society bears because of such accidents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Whose Idea Was This, Anyway?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">This regulation is brought to you by the good folks at the U.S. Department of Transportation, more specifically the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).<\/span><sup style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">6<\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&nbsp;The FMCSA and PHMSA were also responsible for promulgating the ban against texting by CMV drivers which became effective in October 2010.<\/span><sup style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">What Is Coming Next?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Initially, the federal ban\u2019s application is principally limited to&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">interstate<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&nbsp;CMV driving (although it also applies to&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">intrastate<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">transportation of hazardous materials requiring placarding).However, the federal ban requires all States, by January 3, 2015, to enact state and local laws banning hand-held use of mobile phones by anyone operating a motor vehicle under a commercial driver\u2019s license.<\/span><sup style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">8<\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&nbsp;So, we can expect each State (and possibly some of their local government units) to enact bans against hand-held mobile phone use that are similar to the federal ban. And, as a result, by January 3, 2015, the federal ban\u2019s application will be extended to reach essentially all&nbsp;<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">intrastate<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&nbsp;CMV driving, as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">How Can Employers Protect Themselves?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">No \u201cSafe Harbor\u201d for Employers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Unfortunately, an employer cannot avoid being penalized by demonstrating that it has done everything it can to ensure its CMV drivers comply with this ban or the texting ban. There is no exception from the penalty for \u201cgood faith steps,\u201d such as creating a company policy against hand-held mobile phone use or texting\u2014even if the policy is well-publicized to the drivers and backed up by the employer\u2019s own additional disciplinary measures. And, because the employer\u2019s violation is defined as a civil (as distinguished from criminal) offense, there is no \u201cscienter\u201d requirement\u2014the employer need not \u201cknow or have reason to know\u201d that its driver might violate either of these bans.<\/span><sup style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">9<\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">&nbsp;This is \u201cstrict liability,\u201d buddy. If your driver violates one of these bans, you can be tagged $11,000 per violation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Employer\u2019s Action Plan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">So, what is an employer to do if \u201cdoing everything possible\u201d won\u2019t save you? An employer can avoid exposure to these penalties only to the extent its employees actually comply with the mobile phone ban and the texting ban. So, the answer is: Do everything possible to ensure full compliance! Employers should: &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adopt a company policy<\/span>&nbsp;that (1) clearly describes what conduct is prohibited by the hand-held mobile phone ban and texting ban, (2) makes engaging in the prohibited conduct also a violation of the company policy, (3) makes violation of the company policy subject to strict disciplinary action, and perhaps (4) offers positive incentives for full compliance;<\/li>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">educate your CMV drivers about the policy<\/span>&nbsp;by all possible means: (1) well-placed posters, (2) notices enclosed with paychecks and\/or other mailings, (3) in-house training, (4) etc.; because compliance is the only protection against penalties, employee education is key\u2014make sure that all CMV drivers are very familiar with the penalties imposed by the bans and other disciplinary action under the company policy, as well as the penalties the company will face if they violate either of the bans; and<\/li>\n<li style=\"color:black\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">enforce the policy diligently<\/span>\u2014whenever you learn that an employee has violated the company policy, take disciplinary action against the employee (regardless of whether the infraction was detected by authorities); lax enforcement will only lead to lax compliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As noted above, taking these and similar actions will not&nbsp;<em>completely<\/em>&nbsp;insulate you from being penalized for your employee\u2019s violation of these bans.However, doing so will&nbsp;<em>minimize<\/em>&nbsp;the risk that your employees transgress the bans and, consequently,&nbsp;<em>minimize<\/em>&nbsp;your exposure to penalties.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\">\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;The ban does not apply, however, to drivers employed by Federal, State or local governments such as active duty military personnel, municipal snowplow operators and firefighters.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;A \u201ccommercial motor vehicle\u201d (CMV) is defined as a self-propelled or towed vehicle used on the highways in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property, and that (1) has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross vehicle weight of at least 10,001 pounds, whichever is greater; (2) is designed or used to transport more than 8 passengers (including the driver) for compensation; (3) is designed or used to transport more than 15 passengers (including the driver) without compensation; or (4) is used in transporting hazardous material in a quantity requiring the vehicle to display placards<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">.49 USC \u00a7311132(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;If the driver has to reach for a mobile phone on the passenger\u2019s seat, under the driver\u2019s seat or in the sleeper berth, he\/she is considered to have left the proper seated driving position or otherwise not engaging in totally hands-free mobile phone use\u2014therefore, such reaching for the mobile phone is banned.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>4<\/sup>&nbsp;The regulation defines \u201cmobile phone\u201d to include all kinds of radio telephone services (cellular, satellite and broadband radio), but it excludes two-way and CB radio services.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>5<\/sup>&nbsp;The regulation requires all States, by January 3, 2015, to enact state and local laws banning hand-held use of mobile phones by anyone operating a motor vehicle under a commercial driver\u2019s license (CDL).The enactment of such state and local laws will permit implementation of the federal ban\u2019s provisions that call for disqualifying a person from using his or her CDL for a period of 60 to 120 days because of having repeatedly violated a state or local ban against hand-held mobile phone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;The regulation can be found at 76 Fed. Reg. 75485&nbsp;<em>et seq.<\/em>&nbsp;(Dec. 2, 2011) and is principally codified at 49 C.F.R. 392.82 and 49 C.F.R. 177.804(c).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>7<\/sup>&nbsp;The texting ban is similarly aimed at CMV drivers and was rolled out first because texting was viewed as even more risky than hand-held mobile phone use.It can be found at 75 Fed. Reg. 59118&nbsp;<em>et seq.<\/em>&nbsp;(Sept. 27, 2010) and is principally codified at 49 C.F.R. 392.80 and 49 C.F.R. 177.804(b). The texting ban prohibits a CMV driver from manually entering alphanumeric text into, or reading text from, an electronic device (such as a personal digital assistant, pager, smart phone, computer, or any other device used to input, write, send, receive or read text).For purposes of the ban, \u201ctexting\u201d includes, without limitation, using short message service, instant messaging, e\u2011mailing, entering a command or request to access the internet or a World Wide Web page, and any other form of electronic text entry or retrieval for the purpose of a present or future communication.The texting ban does not prohibit inputting, selecting or reading information on a GPS or navigation system, nor does it prohibit the use of a fleet management system or dispatching device for purposes other than texting.Like the hand-held mobile phone ban, employers can be penalized $11,000 per violation of the texting ban.So, what is said about avoiding penalties for violations of the hand-held mobile phone ban is equally applicable to avoiding penalties for violations of the texting ban<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>8<\/sup>&nbsp;Enactment of these state and local laws will permit implementation of the federal ban\u2019s provisions that call for disqualifying a person from using his or her CDL for a period of 60 to 120 days because of having repeatedly violated a state or local ban against hand-held mobile phone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn9\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><sup>9<\/sup>&nbsp;This differentiates the mobile phone use ban from other safety-related regulations that impose penalties on employees for the infractions of their employers.For example, an employer can successfully defend against an OSHA citation by showing that the employee violated a well-established and enforced company policy when committing the prohibited act, and that the employer didn\u2019t know or have reason to suspect the employee would do so.This \u201cemployee misconduct\u201d defense is of no help if your employee violates the mobile phone use ban.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">This discussion is generalized in nature and should not be considered a substitute for professional advice.\u00a9 2012 FWH&amp;T<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new regulation banning mobile phone use by non-governmental drivers of commercial motor vehicles went into effect on January 3 of this year. The regulation penalizes violators, of course\u2014however, it also penalizes the&nbsp;employers&nbsp;of\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-briefing-papers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>[Don&#039;t] &quot;HOLD THE PHONE!&quot; - Fabyanske, Westra, Hart &amp; Thomson<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fwhtlaw.com\/blog\/2012\/03\/02\/dont-hold-phone\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[Don&#039;t] &quot;HOLD THE PHONE!&quot; - Fabyanske, Westra, Hart &amp; Thomson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new regulation banning mobile phone use by non-governmental drivers of commercial motor vehicles went into effect on January 3 of this year. 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